Tag: International Relations

Executive Summary Information warfare is no longer a future threat—it is a present and persistent challenge. This report examines the ...

I. Introduction: War Without Borders In the 21st century, warfare has moved beyond physical battlefields. Modern conflicts increasingly unfold in ...

Introduction Trade wars between major global powers have created unprecedented disruptions in global supply chains. With tariffs and trade restrictions ...

Introduction Trade wars are as old as international commerce itself, but in the 21st century, they have taken on new ...

Introduction The 21st century marks a dramatic turning point in how wars are fought. For centuries, military conflict relied on ...

Introduction The 21st century has ushered in profound changes in the nature, causes, and conduct of international conflicts. Unlike the ...

Introduction The 21st century has ushered in a new battlefield: cyberspace. Unlike traditional geopolitics, where armies, borders, and treaties dominated, ...

Introduction The international system of the 21st century is undergoing profound transformation. The unipolar dominance of the United States following ...

Introduction: The Triangular Dynamics of Geopolitics Geopolitics has always been shaped by material realities—resources, technology, and land. In the 21st ...

Introduction: Cyber Conflicts as Geopolitical Tools In the 21st century, cyber warfare has evolved from the work of individual hackers ...